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Program 1: Prospective New Industries
Objective: To investigate and develop prospects for new industries in rural and regional Australia Budget: $2,211,555
The budget for this program will be financed principally from Commonwealth appropriation funds but there are also some voluntary industry contributions.
Key activities proposed in 1998-99:
1.1 New Plant Products
- Complete R&D plans for bushfood and olives and initiate new projects on those crops.
- Publish a report on the market and technical feasibility of non-wood, fibre crops that could be grown in Australia.
- Establish a suite of new projects on tropical fruits.
1.2 New Animal Products
- Publish a report covering marketing systems for a wide range of prospective animal industry products.
- Complete trading specifications for the marketing of camels and their meat products, and also for kangaroo meat and skins.
- Commence documentation of business plans for some potential prospective animal industries.
- Assess improved husbandry technologies for farmed crocodile production.
- Publish a report documenting R&D outputs on emu production and products.
Program 2: Emerging New Industries
Objective: To expedite the growth and development of emerging new rural and associated processing industries Budget: $6,141,102
The budget for this program will be financed from Commonwealth appropriation funds, statutory levies on the deer industry, cashmere and mohair production, matching $ for $ on those levy funds and voluntary industry contributions.
The Joint Venture Agroforestry Program will also receive funds from LWRRDC, FWPRDC, the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT) and the Murray Darling Basin Commission.
Key activities proposed in 1998-99:
2.1 Asian Foods
- Report on the opportunities for Indian condiments and pickles in Australia.
- Assess the potential for a dried and pickled Asian vegetable industry for domestic, Japanese and other Asian markets.
- Summarise current information on postharvest handling methods for leafy Asian vegetables.
2.2 Agroforestry and Farm Forestry
- Call for new projects to meet NHT priorities.
- Develop a farm forestry market information system.
- Develop on-farm decision support tools for agroforestry.
- Research the effects of salt on wood and fibre formation in eucalypts.
- Analyse new information on the impact of windbreaks on crop and pasture productivity.
- Determine the feasibility and best options for small scale farm harvesting of timber.
- Assess commercial opportunities for growing a range of tree species in low and medium rainfall areas of Australia.
2.3 Cashews
- Continue the breeding program.
- Provide guidelines on the maximum levels of fertilisers that can be applied to Australian soils highly suitable for cashew growing.
- Develop a phenological model on which to base plantation management strategies.
- Develop a calibration system to guide nitrogen fertilisation.
- Provide preliminary guidelines for an integrated pest management system for cashew plantations utilising green ants.
2.4 Deer
- Foster information and technology transfer by the Industry Development Officer.
- Develop an integrated package of projects on deer nutrition.
- Strengthen existing markets and develop new markets.
2.5 Essential Oils and Plant Extracts
- Publish a report on untapped market prospects for Australian essential oils and plant extracts.
- Complete an evaluation on the economic feasibility of growing scotch spearmint.
- Publish a report on the potential of novel extraction and formulation technologies for Australian essential oils and plant extracts.
- Complete research on how best to maximise the market and pharmaceutical quality of Australian-grown Echinacea.
2.6 Organic Produce
- Establish a national organic industry R&D Newsletter.
- Design and implement an industry training and awareness program to encourage greater awareness and adoption of organic farming systems.
2.7 Rare Natural Animal Fibres
- Commence research towards initial major targets as stated in the R&D Plan 1998-2003; namely assessment of alternative market systems for mohair fibre, and evaluate the impact and adoption of published reports on the economics of commercial production of angora goats and cashmere producing goats.
- Publish reports related to breeding strategies to improve productivity of fibre producing goats.
- Further develop projects examining blends based on either mohair or cashmere fibres with other plant or animal fibres and initially assess the commercial ramifications and utilisation of results from the mohair project.
2.8 Tea Tree Oil
- Clinically trial skin sensitivity testing.
- Prepare the first seedlings from improved seed orchard seed.
- Clinically trial tea tree oil as a topical decolonisation solution for adult inpatients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
2.9 Wildflowers and Native Plants
- Broaden the range of new wildflowers under grower evaluation or subject to commercialisation agreements.
- Publish more grower-friendly Short Reports on completed R&D, including that on smoke treatments to enhance germination of normally recalcitrant species.
- Develop further understanding of the reproductive barriers in key cutflower species such as waxflower and Leucadendron. This understanding is essential to the development of novel lines of wildflowers.
Program 3: Established Industries
Objective: To maximise the contribution of R&D to the profitability and sustainability of the established rural industries for which RIRDC provides R&D management services Budget: $8,092,792
The budget for this program will be financed principally by industry levies and matching $ for $ contributions from the Commonwealth.
Key activities proposed in 1998-99:
3.1 Chicken Meat
- Develop and evaluate strategies for enhancing the immunocompetence of chickens, particularly by the use of cytokines.
- Commence an evaluation of methods for managing odour emission and dispersion from meat chicken farms.
- Initiate an analysis of the risk factors for contamination of boiler chicken flocks by Campylobacter spp.
3.2 Eggs
- Conduct a series of reviews to collate information available on the impacts, performance and best practice standards of different production systems.
- Establish a comprehensive national egg industry information service called "Poultrysearch" which will provide a mail/fax-back service as well as an Internet web site.
- Develop policies and diagnostic tools to improve safeguards against Salmonella enteriditis contamination in eggs.
3.3 Honeybee
- Develop procedures and/or standards to quantify honey quality including floral fingerprinting, alkaloids and microbial activity.
- Reinforce nutrition management in honey production, expand to pollination and queen rearing and evaluate the role of nutrition in disease minimisation.
- Improve introduction rates and performance of queen bees through field development of procedures to overcome limiting factors identified in the pilot project.
- Increase honey industrial usage through development of procedures to facilitate automated inclusion of liquid honey during production processes.
- Expand honey bee pollination services to simultaneously pollinate and transfer biological control substances during floral visits.
3.4 Rice
- Improve quality of Australian grain varieties and improve knowledge of the grain quality requirements of the North Asian rice market for inclusion into the rice-breeding program.
- Achieve significant advances in technologies available to control groundwater recharge from rice growing.
- Improve knowledge of fertiliser use by rice and therefore improve prediction of fertiliser requirements.
- Improve methods for herbicide and pesticide spraying.
- Receive preliminary results from genetic engineering applications to improve cold tolerance and grain quality for rice.
3.5 Horses
- Decrease wastage in the industry, associated with both reproduction and athletic injuries.
- Identify and support epidemiologically related projects.
- Support collaborative research between veterinary practitioners and universities.
- Support projects relevant to equestrian activities for Sydney 2000 Olympics.
- Enhance support for travel to conferences or for overseas collaboration, where the outcome can be shown to be of benefit for the local horse industry.
- Develop better treatment and prevention measures for tying up and other problems related to equine athletic activities.
3.6 Fodder Crops
- Develop screening tests for monitoring Corynetoxin contamination so that the industry is in a position to integrate this into its quality assurance system.
- Release sulla and other new forage species for southern Australia.
3.7 Pasture Seeds
- Develop a bacterial wilt test to facilitate the export of lucerne seed.
- Release new varieties of fodder legumes for Australian conditions, enhancing export opportunities.
Program 4: Future Agricultural Systems
Objective: To identify key generic cross-sectoral issues confronting the rural sector and devise appropriate R&D programs that will benefit the sector and the nation Budget: $3,325,000
The budget for this program will be financed principally from Commonwealth appropriation funding.
However, there is a component of joint funding from other R&D Corporations including Farm Occupational Health and Safety amounting to an expected $141,000 (from Grains R&D Corporation, Meat Research Corporation, Cotton R&D Corporation and International Wool Secretariat).
The methyl bromide levy is estimated to amount to $210,000. In addition, some specific projects within program areas are jointly funded with other organisations.
RIRDC participates in the $5.7m National Climate Variability Program administered by LWRRDC in collaboration with GRDC, DRDC, and IWS. RIRDC contribution is $28,000.
Key activities proposed in 1998-99:
4.1 Global Competitiveness
- Develop reports through collaboration with Supermarket to Asia on Asian market prospects for Australian exporters.
- Develop reports on the implications of trade policy changes for Australian agriculture and the Australian economy in general.
- Analyse structural change in the Australian farm input supply sector and implications for improved efficiency for the agricultural sector.
- Analyse cooperative marketing arrangements in Japan and implications for Australian exporters.
- Outline the results of an innovative approach to hands-on experience as part of training for potential agribusiness leaders of the future.
4.2 Resilient Agricultural Systems
- Better understand the pathways required to facilitate minor-crop registrations of pesticides.
- Further develop and apply Australian RAINMAN to improve management of climate variability.
- Test accreditation schemes enabling premiums for products produced in accordance with ecologically sustainable development.
- Participate in the National Climate Variability R&D Program to assist the agricultural sector to manage the vagaries of Australia’s climate.
- Identify the important factors of soil biodiversity, its contribution to agricultural sustainability and achieve agreement on the major research areas.
- Support farmer integrated aquaculture in which irrigation and other enterprises can diversify by more effective use of on-farm water.
4.3 Human Capital, Communications and Information Systems
- Assess the capacity of existing infrastructure to meet demand for on-line services in rural and regional Australia.
- Research to assist the successful structuring and delivery of management and marketing training for farmers.
- Assess the effectiveness and economics of investment through tax-driven capital raising schemes in new agricultural/horticultural industry development.
- Develop the framework for delivery of the Managing Farm Safety Course to farm managers.
- Establish the relationship between the social costs of diminishing infrastructure and economic viability of farms.
- Award two scholarships for participation in the ARLP.
- Award three scholarships for undertaking PhD studies in RIRDC related areas of study.
Portfolio Management
Objective: To position the Corporation as a leading, cost-effective provider of research and development services Budget: $1,888,660
Communications
The Corporation has budgeted $500,000 for communications in 1998-99.
Key activities proposed for 1998-99:
- Produce approximately 100 new research reports and 60 new short reports on projects across RIRDC’s wide range of program areas.
- Develop a marketing strategy for the promotion of RIRDC’s research publications.
- Establish electronic ordering facilities on the Internet for publications.
- Develop a formal policy on the use of the RIRDC logo for research reports, workshops and conferences.
- Produce a corporate brochure.
- Develop additional industry newsletters.
- Produce additional industry R&D five year plans.
- Develop a set of monitoring and evaluation tools to measure RIRDC’s communications effectiveness.
Corporate Activities, Finance and Administration
The Corporation has budgeted $.5m for its Corporate activities in 1998-99 including provisions for Directors’ fees and allowances, the Managing Director and his Executive Assistant’s employee expenses, board meeting expenses, corporate consultancies etc. This provision represents 2.1 percent of the Corporation’s 1998-99 budget.
The Corporation has budgeted $.89m for its Finance and Administration activities in 1998-99 including provisions for employee expenses, rental of office premises and other administrative expenditure. This provision represents 3.8 percent of the Corporation’s 1998-99 budget.
Key activities in 1998-99 will:
- Continue to address the Corporation’s reporting and accountability obligations in respect of the CAC Act ensuring full compliance with new and unfamiliar requirements.
- Implement the Corporation’s new corporate communications strategy focussing on communications for input, communications for accountability, communications for adoption and related performance indicators.
- Continue the development and refinement of the Corporation’s human resource, financial and project management systems concentrating predominantly on an efficient publications management facility and Internet access to the Corporation’s project management database.
The Government’s Priorities and Community Benefits
Meeting the Government's Priorities
Broader Community Benefits
On 28 January 1997, the Minister for Primary Industries and Energy, the Honourable John Anderson, MP, advised the Corporation of five Government priorities and asked that each of these priorities be addressed in the research plans of the Corporation. Examples of projects that address each of these priority areas are summarised below. In addition, these priority areas are addressed in each of the components of the 1998-99 Plan by Sub-Program.
In addition to the five priority areas identified by the Minister, the question of broader community benefits from RIRDC funded programs is also discussed.
Meeting the Government’s Priorities
Identify strategic international market access and investment opportunities
- The results of an international bench marking study by the Honeybee Program are providing the Australian industry with clear objectives. Local performance is also being examined.
- A report on the prospects for currently under-exploited tropical fruits, vegetables and nuts complemented a workshop for growers and researchers from several states listing durian, longan, rambutan, mangosteen and abiu as the best bets among 40-odd crops considered.
- Entry of Australian exporters into the Japanese, Dutch and British flower markets is being facilitated by studies completed by the Flower Export Council of Australia.
- A report on the opportunities for the production and export of Indian condiments and pickles for Australia.
- Progress is being made in developing rice varieties focusing on grain quality for specific export markets, especially Japan.
- Publication of several reports on Asian market prospects for Australian exporters.
- Publication of several reports on the implications of trade policy changes for
Australian agriculture and the Australian economy in general
- A compendium of Asian religious and cultural events and customs that impinge on food consumption patterns and are potentially important to firms contemplating entering these markets.
- A report on co-operative marketing arrangements in Japan and implications for Australian exporters.
- International marketing opportunities are being assessed for new animal industries. The fundamental marketing issues related to marketing skin, meat, milk and fibre products from these industries will be evaluated in light of competition from other substitutional products and the changes in consumers’ needs and preferences.
- A project clearly establishing that tea tree oil has significant antimicrobial activities will provide the industry with a firm basis for the next step in the promotion of tea tree oil as a bona fide topical antibiotic.
Increase productivity of land, labour and capital in rural industries
- The interaction of queen bee performance, environment and nutrition are being studied to formulate specific area management programs.
- Availability of a new vaccine strain of Eimeria tenella for incorporation into a commercial vaccine for coccidiosis in chickens.
- Evaluation of the potential of a novel strategy for manipulating the egg production of broiler breeder hens.
- Publication of distance learning materials for the chicken meat and egg industries.
- Determination of the effects of storage on the nutritive value of cereal grains and therefore the impact on intensive livestock production efficiency.
- Publication of an international benchmarking survey for the egg industry.
- Commercialisation of a range of management tools including computer software packages and a booklet on managing eggshell quality problems.
- A report reviewing existing information on the performance of different egg production systems, identifying areas requiring further research and programs put in place to fill any identified gaps.
- Development of a research program investigating nutrition/disease interactions in poultry flocks.
- Progress will be made with rice variety development focusing on improved cold tolerance.
- Improved knowledge of fertiliser use by rice and therefore improved prediction of fertiliser requirements.
- Improved methods for herbicide and pesticide spraying in rice.
- Publication of a national database on the nutritional values of feedstuffs for horses and recommendations for feeding using Australian feeds.
- Enhancement of communication and information for the Australian horse industry.
- Development of a national strategy for equine training programs - co-ordination of all the tertiary training programs that deal with education and training in relation to horses.
- Publication of booklets for the horse industry in the following areas: air quality in stables and during transport; drought feeding of horses; and training and fitness in athletic horses.
- Release of sulla and other new forage species for southern Australia.
- Development of a bacterial wilt test to facilitate the export of lucerne seed.
- New varieties of fodder legumes for Australian conditions should be released during next year enhancing seed export opportunities.
- An analysis of structural change in the Australian farm input supply sector and implications for improved efficiency for the agricultural sector.
- A report outlining the results of an innovative approach to hands on experience as part of training for potential agribusiness leaders of the future.
- The release of the Farmers’ Guide to the Internet with Farmwide will facilitate farmers’ access to information through the Internet.
- A national research project on the role of women in the agricultural sector recommends strategies for improving women’s participation in innovation leadership and decision making within the sector.
- A framework will be developed to facilitate the delivery of the Managing Farm Safety Course to farm managers.
- Improving productivity in the production system is the objective of over half the investments in R&D for new animal industries. Projects aim at improving husbandry/management, nutrition, reproduction and breeding across such livestock as emu, ostriches, alpaca and crocodiles.
- Guidelines are being developed to assist land managers to design agroforestry systems which optimise tree productivity with crop/pasture productivity and catchment health.
- Research in progress is investigating the potential of windbreaks to enhance crop/pasture productivity.
Encourage investment in and uptake of high quality Australian products
- The honeybee program is conducting a major focus on quality assurance to safeguard product safety. Most possible food contaminants are being investigated to minimise the risk of honey contamination.
- A workshop for the medicinal herbs and plant extracts industries is providing a clearer picture of the future for this burgeoning sector and enabling RIRDC’s R&D plan for these industries to be amplified. It also provides guidance as to which herbs and plant extracts are currently in demand.
- New projects on better positioning bushfood in the market place, on food safety issues, and on a blue print for an industry database are being initiated after competitive tendering.
- A report summarising current information on postharvest handling methods for leafy Asian vegetables.
- Development of a contingency plan for Salmonella enteriditis (SE) contamination of eggs and a diagnostic tool to aid in the monitoring for Salmonella enteriditis.
- Publication of an educational booklet on solving egg shell quality problems.
- Projects are being completed to develop trading language and specifications for kangaroo and camel meat. Improved handling of crocodiles and camels prior to slaughtering is being researched to improve meat quality. Evaluating declawing of emu is being undertaken to reduce skin damage and thus increase skin/leather values.
- A manual will be developed on cashew production to assist potential investors and growers in the industry.
Encourage increased processing and delivery of value-added product for market
- The honey antimicrobial research has led to the release of three new pharmaceutical products. Current research involves teaching hospitals and will provide data for a therapeutic registration application.
- Work is being supported on the potential of novel extraction and formulation technologies for Australian essential oils and plant extracts and on how best to maximise the market and pharmaceutical quality of Australian-grown Echinacea.
- Ausindustry support is being achieved for a Business Plan and Feasibility Study for a novel flower and foliage preservation process.
- Assessment of the potential for a dried and pickled Asian vegetable industry for domestic, Japanese and other Asian markets.
- Research is continuing to improve the processing of sheep and goat milk. Sheep milk products are being evaluated with consumers in an effort to replace some cheese imports. Studies are also continuing in the blending of speciality fibres such as cashmere and mohair with the more traditional fibres such as wool and cotton.
Protect and enhance Australia’s natural resource base
- Data base floral surveys in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia involving Department of Forestry and Environment and bee impact research with New South Wales Department of Forestry will provide basic data for formulation of resource/bee management programs.
- Development of effective Apis cerana bait hives will assist AQIS to combat an incursion that would also introduce parasitic mites.
- Progress is being made with rice variety development focusing shorter season varieties that will reduce water requirements and results in more efficient water resource use.
- Progress is being made in developing integrated weed control strategies in rice for minimising the effects of herbicide resistance in the major rice weeds and reduced herbicide use.
- Significant advances in technologies available to control groundwater recharge from rice growing.
- Publication of a booklet on issues related to management of horses kept in urban surroundings.
- Continuing R&D on the commercial utilisation of native animals. Meat and skin production and disease research for crocodiles is a major investment for the new animal industries. The efficacy of emu oil for medicinal purposes has been studied and the anti-inflammatory properties of some oils have been confirmed. The more information gathered of the value of products from native animals the greater the opportunity will be to maintain populations for commercial renewable purposes.
- An investigation of the conservation characteristics of native trees planted on agricultural land will help identify how farm revegetation can be designed to maximise conservation value.
- On-going research is investigating the use of trees to manage and reduce the extent and impact of rising water tables and salinity.
- Research is continuing on the implications of farm forestry activities on biodiversity.
Broader Community Benefits
One of the important reasons for establishment of RIRDC was to ensure that there is a specific source of funds to support R&D that has wider community benefits, especially R&D areas which are unlikely to be funded by the other R&D Corporations or the private sector.
RIRDC has focused on research which:
- results in the sustainable management of resources, especially when there are external effects of their use;
- improves market access and development programs;
- determines the implications of changes in the environment, such as, climate change and variability;
- has implications for human nutrition and health;
- determines implications of practices for occupational health and safety; and
- supports the development of Australia’s research capacity.
New Products and Industries
While many of these wider community benefits come from RIRDC’s core funded research programs they also result from research funded by RIRDC’s levy based R&D programs.
Wider community benefits are an important potential component of RIRDC’s research into new and emerging industries. In many cases, identification of alternative production possibilities for farming groups can provide the diversity and scope for value-adding that can maintain the critical mass necessary to maintain rural towns and improve their viability.
RIRDC’s research covers areas such as investigating market prospects for newer industries and assessing the feasibility and methods for their competitive production.
A recently released book on ‘The New Rural Industries’ has received considerable community wide interest. The book was originally targeted at both farmers wishing to diversify and also investors from the wider community considering investment in agriculture.
During the next year this original information will be complemented with more detailed financial assessments of a subset of these identified new industries.
Several of the new products currently being investigated also have potential to have important impacts on human health that will affect the community well beyond the direct value of the products produced; for example, investigation of the pharmaceutical attributes of Echinacea and tea tree oil.
Food Safety
Although RIRDC’s established industries programs focus primarily on research which benefit all members of the levy paying industry they also have potential to generate significant community wide benefits.
Recent examples include projects in the egg and chicken meat programs that will make significant contributions to understanding the development of and testing for bacterial food contaminants. This research has important implications for all food safety areas not just the poultry industries.
The honey bee program is also supporting research which considers the potential for some types of honey as a therapeutic agent for treating bacteria infections. All of the animal based programs are supporting research that has potential to have significant impacts on the welfare of animals, especially in the chicken meat, egg and horse programs.
In the rice program, research emphasises improved water use, recharge and quality, and also sustainable use of farm chemicals. Better understanding of these areas via this research has potential to have wider benefits to communities along Australia’s major river system. The recently established CRC for Sustainable Rice Production, of which RIRDC is a partner, is expanding the research support in this important area.
The fodder program continues to support research on corynetoxin contamination and effective identification to ensure that they do not enter the food chain and therefore affect the health of the wider community.
Cross-Sectoral Impacts
RIRDC supports a major research effort in areas that have cross-sectoral impacts. The global competitiveness program provides assessments of impediments to Australian trade and of market prospects for all agricultural production.
The impact of this type of research will have ramifications throughout the broader Australian community. Examples, in coming years, include projects which will provide R&D support for negotiators during the next round of WTO trade policy negotiations. Changes in these policies, if they further liberalise world trade, will enhance Australia’s trading potential.
A range of other projects will, in collaboration with the Government’s Supermarket to Asia initiative, identify current and future market developments in many of Australia’s neighbouring countries, with particular emphasis on the implications of the Asian financial crisis.
Many research activities in the resilient agricultural systems program will have potential community wide benefits. These include research on bio-remediation and waste-water management, reduced pesticide risk, and implications of climate change for agricultural production and regional resource use.
Community Safety, Training and Communications
Under its Human Capital, Communications and Information Systems Program RIRDC manages and supports a major collaborative research effort which considers many aspects of rural community occupational health and safety; projects range from development of effective farm safety courses to investigation of causes of traumatic deaths in rural areas.
In addition, RIRDC supports a program of rural leadership training and university scholarships, which focus on building the stock of human capital available to address problems facing the rural sector.
Projects on information technology will look at the importance and implication of developments in communications services for rural communities and their effective links with urban areas and the global economy.
The impacts of all of these research activities have significant implications and benefits for the wider Australian community.