RIRDC Completed Projects in 2000-2001 & Research in Progress as at June 2001

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To Essential Oils Completed Projects




2.4 Essential Oils  Research in progress
PROJECT No	PROJECT TITLE	RESEARCHER	PHONE	ORGANISATION

DAQ-269A	The control of chalkbrood disease with natural products (eg essential oils)	Dr Craig Davis	(07) 3406 8611	The Centre for Food Technology
DAV-168A	Kesom oil a new essential oil for flavours	Mr Fred Bienvenu	(03) 5731 1222	Dept of Natural Resources & Environment (Vic)
DAV-178A	Potential for IPM in peppermint growing in South East Australia	Mr Fred Bienvenu	(03) 5731 1222	Dept of Natural Resources & Environment (Vic)
MRA-1A	Efficient sourcing and fractionation of sesquiterpenoid alcohols from Australian Sandalwood	Ms Valerie Gearon	(08) 9841 7788	Mt Romance Australia Pty Ltd
SAG-1A	Methodology and viability of re-establishing commercial boronia plantations	Dr Doris Blaesing	(03) 6427 0800	ServeAg Pty Ltd
UNC-6A	Generation of high quality Australian Skullcap products	Prof Ron Wills	(02) 4348 4140	The University of Newcastle
UNC-8A	Production of high quality Australian ginseng	Prof Ron Wills	02) 4348 4140	The University of Newcastle
UNC-11A	Generation of high quality Australian valerian products	Prof Ron Wills	(02) 4348 4140	The University of Newcastle
UNC-13A	Optimisation of polysaccharides in processed echinacea purpurea products	Dr Douglas Stuart	(02) 4548 4124	The University of Newcastle
UT-23A	Determination of pesticide minimum residue limits in essential oils	Prof Robert Menary	(03) 6226 2723	University of Tasmania
UT-27A	Optimisation of parsley seed oil production	Prof Robert Menary	(03) 6226 2723	University of Tasmania
UT-28A	Chamomile varieties for essential oil and dry flower prodction	Prof Robert Menary	(03) 6226 2723	University of Tasmania
UT-33A	Commercial Borage Production for Oil and Gamma-linolenic Acid	Dr Rowland Lawrence	(03) 6430 4901	University of Tasmania
UT-34A	Preliminary evaluation of some medicinal herbs	Dr Roland Laurence	(03) 6430 4901	University of Tasmania


 
 

Project Title	The control of chalkbrood disease with natural products (eg essential oils)
RIRDC Project No:	DAQ-269A
Start Date:	01/07/00
Finish Date:	31/07/01
Researcher:	Dr Craig Davis
Organisation:	The Centre for Food Technology 19 Hercules Street HAMILTON QLD 4007
Phone:	(07) 3406 8611
Fax:	(07) 3406 8677
Email:	davisck@dpi.qld.gov.au
Objectives	· To conduct a laboratory study on the efficacy of natural products against Chalkbrood fungi and to develop an appropriate field treatment plan to evaluate the products identified above.
Current Progress	The susceptibility of the chalkbrood fungi to a range of treatments has been examined in the laboratory. The treatments, which have been studied so far, include a selection of natural products (eg essential oils). More than 40 essential oils have been assessed including native (tea tree oil, lemon myrtle oil and Manuka oil) and exotic spice oils (like sage, rosemary and clove oil). Fatty acid derivatives (eg glycerol monolaurate), food acids (eg sorbic, formic and acetic), and some natural extracts (eg from banana, garlic and mango) will be tested in the very near future, along with antimicrobial (Leptospermum) honey, natural antimicrobial peptides, and salt, which have been anecdotally reported to have an effect.  The current knowledge in this area has been reviewed and will be presented with the final report, along with an outline for a field trial for the evaluation of the most active and appropriate anti-microbiological agents in experimentally-infected hives. If these trials are subsequently undertaken, the success of treatments will be assessed by regular examination for disease development and culture of adult bee samples for Chalkbrood. This work has the potential to improve the economic viability of the Australian apiarist while producing an effective and environmentally sound treatment regime.


 

Project Title	Kesom oil a new essential oil for flavours
RIRDC Project No:	DAV-168A
Start Date:	29/07/99
Finish Date:	30/07/01
Researcher:	Mr: Fred Bienvenu
Organisation:	Department of Natural Resources & Environment  NRE Ovens  PO Box 235 MYRTLEFORD VIC 3737
Phone:	(03) 5731 1222
Fax:	(03) 5731 1223
Email:	fred.bienvenu@nre.vic.gov.au
Objectives	To facilitate development of a commercially viable industry based on production of kesom by: · Development of an effective weed control protocol · Establishing the effects on oil yield and composition of interactions between rate/time of nitrogen application and the time /number of harvests · Evaluating market opportunities for a range of kesom oils produced under commercial conditions · Establishment of likely costs of production of a commercial scale kesom oil production system · Provision of a detailed report documenting requirements for the sustainable production and marketing of kesom oil.
Current Progress	Kesom oil is extracted from Persicaria odorata, a Polygonaceae plant very rich in C10 & C12 aldehydes and to a lesser extent C10 & C12 alcohols. These naturally produced flavour compounds are sought after for use in the food and fragrance industries. This is a collaborative project involving RIRDC, a commercial essential oil producer, the flavour and fragrance industry and DNRE to develop the protocols required to produce kesom oil on a commercial basis. The primary aim of the project is to establish the potential to produce kesom oil as a viable essential oil crop. This will be achieved using data developed by NRE agronomic studies now approaching completion at NRE Ovens and market evaluation and development by industry. Large-scale commercial samples of kesom oil have been produced as part of the study in Corryong and at NRE Ovens. These samples will enable product evaluation and further development by the flavour and fragrance industry. Weed control protocols have been developed and are now being further refined for use as both pre and post plant applications.  The kesom plant while used widely in Asia and increasingly in Australia, as a fresh and dried herb/condiment has not yet been developed as a source of a discrete essential oil.


 

Project Title	Potential for IPM in peppermint growing in South East Australia
RIRDC Project No:	DAV-178A
Start Date:	01/09/00
Finish Date:	31/08/01
Researcher:	Mr: Fred Bienvenu
Organisation:	Department of Natural Resources & Environment  NRE Ovens  PO Box 235 MYRTLEFORD VIC 3737
Phone:	(03) 5731 1222
Fax:	(03) 5731 1223
Email:	fred.bienvenu@nre.vic.gov.au
Objectives	· To establish an interim protocol for minimising two-spotted mite (TSM) impact on south eastern Australian peppermint crops. · To develop suitable sampling techniques for assessing TSM in peppermint crops. · To evaluate the potential to develop an effective integrated pest management program for peppermint production in South Eastern Australia based on effective control of TSM.
Current Progress	This one year project seeks to establish the potential for minimising, and developing suitable sampling techniques to assess, two-spotted mite (TSM) impact on south eastern Australian peppermint crops. This data will then be used to examine the potential to develop an effective integrated pest management program. Under dry conditions high levels of TSM infestation results in excessive leaf loss, particularly lower leaf. This can reduce quality of peppermint oil by altering the oil balance – most obvious would be lower menthol levels. There are other significant insect pests identified in Australian peppermint crops and inappropriate treatment (eg: synthetic pyrethroids) of these occasional pests can markedly reduce TSM predators leading to rapid increase in TSM numbers and damage. Field surveys of commercial crops have been used to establish which pests are present in peppermint fields in southern Australia and the range of controls currently used or available. Observation plots have been used to establish the rate of effectiveness and dispersion of introduced predator mites and their likely persistence. These plots will also be used to provide a field survey to establish the range of naturally occurring predators and the impact of current pest control practices on these predators.


 

Project Title	Efficient sourcing and fractionation of sesquiterpenoid alcohols from Australian Sandalwood
RIRDC Project No:	MRA-1A
Start Date:	01/07/00
Finish Date:	31/07/03
Researcher:	Ms. Valerie Gearon
Organisation:	Mt Romance Australia Pty Ltd Lot 2, Down Road Mirambeena Park ALBANY WA 6330
Phone:	(08) 9841 7788
Fax:	(08) 9841 7100
Email:	lab@mtromance.com.au
Objectives	· The primary objective is the development of methods of the efficient separation of individual sesquiterpenoid alchohols (or enriched concentrates) from the fragrant wood oil of Western Australia sandalwood. Santalum spicatum (R.Br) A. DC. The pure alcohols or their enriched concentrates will be used in the formulation of value added products such as pharmaceuticals (anti-inflammatory and bacterial agents) cosmetics/toiletries and fine perfumes. · A secondary, but nonetheless indispensible, objective for the ultimate commercial success of this project is the identification of all parameters influencing the wood oil composition and oil yield.
Current Progress	Mt Romance (MRA) has undertaken extensive process research recently with the intention of maximising efficient elucidation of the individual sesquiterpenoid alcohols from sandalwood oil, and thereby identifying biological (specifically odour and therapeutic) activity of these alcohols. Various techniques of distillation and extraction have been trialed. Fractionation has been successfully undertaken to identify broad components of the oil which are pertinent to inclusion in fine fragrance oil, and specifications for this product are imminent. Enriched concentrates of the sesquiterpenoid constituents of sandalwood oil are currently being assayed to quantify their antimicrobial and anti – inflammatory effects. As a result of this, MRA is able to fractionate and direct all the products of sandalwood oil distillation into particular market streams, depending on biological activity of constituents. Discussion is currently underway with both fine fragrance and pharmaceutical industry representatives. Initial response is very promising. Additionally, MRA is researching geographical/physical parameters influencing the growth of sandalwood trees. Previous research has identified locations of trees producing high yields of high quality oil – it is the intention of MRA to capitalise on this information and by identifying the parameters contributing to these qualities, and thereby process wood of this calibre.


 

Project Title	Methodology and viability of re-establishing commercial boronia plantations
RIRDC Project No:	SAG-1A
Start Date:	01/09/99
Finish Date:	31/08/01
Researcher:	Dr Doris Blaesing
Organisation:	Serve-Ag Pty Ltd PO Box 690 DEVONPORT TAS 7310
Phone:	(03) 6427 0800
Fax:	(03) 6427 0801
Email:	dblaesing@serve-ag.com.au
Objectives	· This study will enable the boronia industry to determine the viability of replanting present boronia plantations and indicate the management procedures necessary to successfully re-establish boronia plantations under their existing infrastructure.
Current Progress	Pesticides that control Phytophthora did not improve replanted boronia survival rates in field trials planted in April 2000. Survival and growth in the first winter were improved by pine bark mulch, organic fertiliser, fire, and a fertiliser mix that simulated the composition of ashes. Soil from the trial site was also tested in a pot experiment for its ability to induce ‘replant disease’ symptoms. Boronia grew poorly in plain potting mix. An addition of the boronia soil improved growth, indicating that it does not carry ‘classical replant disease", but contains beneficial substances or organisms alongside the previously identified Phytophthora. The level of growth improvement by the boronia soil was reduced when soil was heat-treated at 100oC. Fourteen plantations were investigated to ensure that current causes of plant decline would not affect replanted boronia. The main factors found to be contributing to boronia decline were: previous site use and topography, status of root system at planting, root distribution & anchorage, nutrient forms, amounts and timing, clonal differences, damage to the crown (two types of fungal infections and/or swellings of the crown area were found in dead or dying plants). Pests and diseases, such as scale and rust, had an effect on plant survival if they were not controlled in time.


 

Project Title	Generation of high quality Australian Skullcap products
RIRDC Project No:	UNC-6A
Start Date:	01/06/97
Finish Date:	30/05/02
Researcher:	Prof. Ron Wills
Organisation:	The University of Newcastle Central Coast Campus PO Box 127 OURIMBAH NSW 2258
Phone:	(02) 4348 4140
Fax:	(02) 4348 4145
Email:	ftrbhw@alinga.newcastle.edu.au
Objectives	· To generate compositional information on skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) and optimise the genetics of seed stocks, and postharvest handling and processing systems, to enable growers and processors to maximise quality in the end product and thus obtain price premiums on the world market.
Current Progress	The major activity has been investigation into the effect of postharvest handling practices on the flavone active constituents of skullcap. The effect of physical abuse was determined by subjecting freshly harvested plants to controlled levels of physical damage to simulate commercial situations ranging from extreme care to rough handling. The plants were then dried with hot air and the level of active constituents analysed by the HPLC method previously developed. There was a considerable reduction in the concentration of flavones when plants were strongly compressed. This is in contrast to echinacea, which was previously found able to withstand considerable physical abuse after harvest without loss of active constituents.  The effect of drying temperature in a hot air drier was examined across the range of 40 to 70°C. It was found that the level of flavones was not significantly different over the temperature range but, as expected, the time to dry the plants was greatly reduced as the temperature increased. The use of a hot air drier at 70°C thus appears to be an acceptable method of drying skullcap in terms of end product quality and drying time.


 

Project Title	Production of high quality Australian ginseng
RIRDC Project No:	UNC-8A
Start Date:	01/07/98
Finish Date:	31/08/01
Researcher:	Prof. Ron Wills
Organisation:	The University of Newcastle Central Coast Campus PO Box 127 OURIMBAH NSW 2258
Phone:	(02) 4348 4140
Fax:	(02) 4348 4145
Email:	ftrbhw@alinga.newcastle.edu.au
Objectives	· To generate compositional information on American ginseng, optimise postharvest handling and processing systems, and survey effects of current production systems to enable growers and processors to maximise quality in the end product and thus obtain price premiums on the world market.
Current Progress	All experiments in the program have been completed with the final stages of data analysis being conducted. The growth study indicated that over a growing season, the maximum concentration of neutral ginsenosides in all parts of the plant occurs before the onset of senescence, that ginsenosides concentration is directly related to the size of the root, and a considerable proportion of the total plant ginsenosides is present in the leaf. All three effects have implications for industry practice and present opportunities to extract more value from a crop. Changes of neutral and malonyl ginsenosides in roots were determined during drying, steam blanching, storage of dried root, and spray drying of a liquid extract. Optimum processing conditions that gave maximum retention of ginsenosides were identified. The data highlighted the importance of analysing the malonyl ginsenosides as well as the more traditional neutral ginsenosides.


 

Project Title	Generation of high quality Australian valerian products
RIRDC Project No:	UNC-11A
Start Date:	30/07/99
Finish Date:	30/07/02
Researcher:	Prof. Ron Wills
Organisation:	The University of Newcastle PO Box 127 OURIMBAH NSW 2258
Phone:	(02) 4348 4140
Fax:	(02) 4349 4560
Email:	ftrbhw@alinga.newcastle.edu.au
Objectives	· The project will generate information to enable valerian growers and processors to optimise growing and harvesting practices and postharvest procedures to maximise quality in the end product. The derived systems will be trialed and optimised with industry groups under commercial conditions.
Current Progress	A study of seed sourced from many countries has identified 4 lines that generated a high level of valerenic acid in the root and will be further evaluated. A study measuring changes during growth of the level of active constituents in the commonly used Anthos variety is in progress to identify optimum harvest time, planting time and propagation techniques.  Postharvest handling studies have shown that the valerenic acid content is unaffected by washing or chopping prior to drying, however, drying time is substantially reduced utilising these techniques.  The effects of processing parameters on retention of actives has commenced. Current conclusions are that the optimum solvent for extraction of active constituents is 60% ethanol/water. The effects of temperature, physical extraction method and particle size on extraction rate is under evaluation.  A survey of processed valerian retail products has found a considerable range in the level of actives. Powder capsules contained the highest concentration of valerenic acids, tablets, teas and soft gel capsules an intermediate level while liquids had the lowest concentration.


 

Project Title	Optimisation of polysaccharides in processed echinacea purpurea products
RIRDC Project No:	UNC-13A
Start Date:	01/01/01
Finish Date:	30/12/02
Researcher:	Dr. Douglas Stuart
Organisation:	The University of Newcastle Centre for Food Industry Research and Development PO Box 127 OURIMBAH NSW 2258
Phone:	(02) 4548 4124
Fax:	(02) 4348 4145
Email:	ftdls@cc.newcastle.edu.au
Objectives	· To determine if echinace extracts based on polysaccharide content could be grown and processed in Australia which will both eliminate the need for imported equivalents and develop a potential export market. The success of the project will encourage alternative crops of echinacea and other medicinal herbs within the primary producing and manufacturing sector.
Current Progress	The project has established a crop for use in postharvest and processing experimentation to be undertaken this year. This crop will also serve as the perennial crop for rootstock to be harvested in March of 2002. A second location is currently under investigation and if appropriate, planting will begin in September 2001.  Mr Trent Dickenson was selected as the masters candidate and began his candidature on the 12/3/ 01. Mr Dickenson is a graduate from The University of Newcastle and holds a Science degree with honours. He is currently becoming familiar with the methodologies for the separation and identification of polysaccharides.  The project is now well positioned to fulfil the required milestones within the agreed timeframe.


 

Project Title	Determination of pesticide minimum residue limits in essential oils
RIRDC Project No:	UT-23A
Start Date:	01/07/98
Finish Date:	30/06/01
Researcher:	Prof. Robert Menary
Organisation:	University of Tasmania School of Agricultural Science GPO Box 252-54 HOBART TAS 7001
Phone:	(03) 6226 2723
Fax:	(03) 6226 7609
Email:	r.menary@utas.edu.au
Objectives	· Analytical Methods Manual - a concise practical reference, facilitating the transfer of technology from a research base to cost effective screening services for industry · Monitoring of Commercial Harvests - provide benchmarks to be considered when negotiations to set residue limits commence. · Assessment of the Dominant Factors in Pesticide Accumulation - the evaluation of accumulated data to determine the optimal application rate for effective pest control
Current Progress	A manual is currently in production, which assesses the suitability of available analytical equipment to the detection of pesticide residues in essential oils. Techniques are detailed for the analyses of residues using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, benchtop MSMS, ECD and FPD detection. However hplc, coupled to an ion trap MSMS, has been found to be the most adaptable technology and methods are presented for a range of organo-chlorine, acidic and quaternary ammonium salt based pesticides. Alternatively the manual may be accessed using the chemical classification of the active ingredient of pesticides Screening of concrete and steam distilled oils for 1998 and 1999 harvests, using the analytical methods previously developed, has found no major contamination. However, oils are to be re-tested using the new LC methods recently validated and the wider capabilities may determine residues of pesticides not previously detectable. Findings are to be reported to industry and it is envisaged that problems highlighted will lead to the adjustment of existing pest management practices.


 

Project Title	Optimisation of parsley seed oil production
RIRDC Project No:	UT-27A
Start Date:	30/07/99
Finish Date:	01/11/02
Researcher:	Prof. Robert Menary
Organisation:	University of Tasmania School of Agricultural Science GPO Box 252-54 HOBART TAS 7001
Phone:	(03) 6226 2723
Fax:	(03) 6226 7609
Email:	r.menary@utas.edu.au
Objectives	· The location of high apiole parsley seed germplasm will enable the establishment of a new product line within the essential oil industry in Tasmania. The concurrent development of an efficient extraction protocol for the oil will enhance the returns to the industry.
Current Progress	A semi-commercial field trial of the Plain Leaf variety "Napoli" was serially harvested throughout the growing season. Laboratory steam distillations gave oil with up to 27% apiole, but this had high menthatriene (25%) and very low myristicin. Commercial scale distillation of this variety produced oil with approximately 6% apiole, 35% menthatriene and 3% myristicin. The timing of the commercial harvest for this variety needs to be adjusted to obtain the better quality oil. Yates Pty Ltd, a commercial seed supply company, identified a further plain leaf variety, known as "Dark Green". A small-scale extraction of the seed of this variety revealed an apiole content of 74%. This oil was low in myristicin but again high in menthatriene. A commercial planting of this variety is currently underway. Work in the laboratory is developing a technique for reducing the menthatriene content in the oil. This will produce an oil ideally suited to blending with the heavy fraction of the current commercially produced Triple Curl Oil, to produce a product of the specifications required by the market place.


 

Project Title	Chamomile varieties for essential oil and dry flower prodction
RIRDC Project No:	UT-28A
Start Date:	03/08/99
Finish Date:	01/05/02
Researcher:	Prof. Robert Menary
Organisation:	University of Tasmania School of Agricultural Science GPO Box 252-54 HOBART TAS 7001
Phone:	(03) 6226 2723
Fax:	(03) 6226 7609
Email:	r.menary@utas.edu.au
Objectives	· The development of a production system for the growing, harvesting and drying of high grade chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) flowers for the medicinal market and the distillation of lower grade flowers for blue chamomile essential oil.
Current Progress	The first year field trial produced small quantities of flowers and oil of an excellent composition, with a-bisabolol of approximately 40% and chamazulene approximately 10%. The small scale of the trial made interpolation of the yield data to a commercial scale difficult, however this preliminary work gives positive expectations for the development of the chamomile industry in Tasmania.  A commercial field trial, in the second year, was unsuccessful due to poor seed germination and competition from weeds. Material was obtained for laboratory work but the desired full-scale field assessment could not be completed.  This setback has been overcome with an autumn sowing. Germination of this trial has already taken place and the trial successfully established. It is expected, from the first year data and the literature that the earlier sowing will allow better plant establishment, greater vegetative growth and therefore greater flower yield. It may extend the flowering season. The trial will give a better understanding of the potential commercial yields.


 

Project Title	Commercial Borage Production for Oil and Gamma-linolenic Acid
RIRDC Project No.:	UT-33A
Start Date:	01/09/00
Finish Date:	31/08/03
Researcher:	Dr. Rowland Laurence
Organisation:	University of Tasmania GPO Box 447 BURNIE TAS 7320
Phone:	(03) 6430 4901
Fax:	(03) 6430 4950
Email:	rowland.laurence@utas.edu.au
Objectives	· The research proposed here will seek to improve agronomy and harvesting of borage in order that the yields and profitability in this new Australian industry will allow grower and processor stakeholders to maximise their competitive advantage in an expanding world market. · The key deliverable of the proposed work will be the provision to grower stakeholders of recommendations for the commercial production of borage in Tasmania/South East Australia. These will be synthesized from the verification and adaption of available overseas information through local field experimentation. The latter will concentrate on thos husbandry practices, which are likely to be the major deterimants of yield and profitability.
Current Progress	This project began in September 2000 and seeks to improve the agronomy and harvesting methods of borage for Australian producers. In related work with this crop, which sheds its mature seed very readily, maximising commercially harvested yield, optimising planting time and controlling weeds have been shown to be priority work areas and these are being addressed in the current project. In this first season’s experimentation, a replicated, small plot comparison of hand-harvested seed yield from sowings between August and October has shown a reduction in yield with delayed sowing, although the latest treatment was inconsistent with this trend. A large plot, un-replicated sowing was also made at three seed rates in order to observe the crops competitive ability in the absence of chemical herbicides, a husbandry likely to be preferred by markets seeking increasingly residue-free product. These plots were mechanically sown, windrowed and harvested with commercial equipment in order to gain some experience with these mechanised operations with borage. Wet weather conditions delayed sowing of these plots, which, in turn, reduced the crops competitiveness against weeds but higher seeding rates appeared to be worthwhile in this regard. Mechanised windrowing appeared to work well with the crop but yields after harvesting were very low, perhaps reflecting the over-maturity of plants when windrowing was carried out. These aspects will be further investigated in the coming season’s field trials.


 

Project Title	Preliminary evaluation of some medicinal herbs
RIRDC Project No:	UT-34A
Start Date:	01/01/01
Finish Date:	31/12/03
Researcher:	Dr. Rowland Laurence
Organisation:	University of Tasmania GPO Box 447 BURNIE TAS 7320
Phone:	(03) 6430 4901
Fax:	(03) 6430 4950
Email:	rowland.laurence@utas.edu.au
Objectives	· To pursue the development and commercialisation of one or more of the plants investigated. Decisions on development will be based upon the data obtained from the project, including additional market information and other investment criteria. · The study will deliver comparative data to the stakeholders on the growth and marketable yield of species/genotypes sourced from different parts of the world. It will provide market information on prices and demand for the four herb plants under investigation, additional to that back-grounded in the Keane Report and in the current research proposal. · Production agronomy aspects will be supported by initial laboratory assessments of extraction procedures. These data will be adequate to allow decisions by the company on further investments in these medicinal herb crops with regard to their suitability for production in the cool, temperate regions of Australia. · Activities will include the field demonstration to growers, progressively of the crops and of the results obtained.
Current Progress	This project began in January 2001 and is currently in the preliminary stage of acquiring plant material of the species on which the work will be based. These are astragalus, bilberry, evening primrose and stevia. Contact is being established with potential suppliers from within Australia and worldwide, including herb nurseries, gene-banks and other researchers working with the targeted species. The significant overseas activity in stevia research has been noteworthy in our work so far. Arrangements are currently being made for the Chief investigator and representatives of the collaborating company, Botanical Resources Australia, to attend the World Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in July, which will provide further opportunity to investigate sources of plant material and market information relating to the target species.